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Beloyarsk secondary school

Literature section

Maria Sudakova Vladimirovna

Head: Luzanova Elena Valentinovna

teacher of Russian language and literature

Bely Yar, 2010

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Literature section

The image of Masha Mironova in the story "The Captain's Daughter" by A.S. Pushkin

introduction

1. The image of the captain's daughter

2. The character of Masha Mironova

3. Evolution of the image of Masha Mironova

conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction. About Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter"

Historical works of fiction - one of the ways to master the specific historical content of a particular era. Any historical work is cognitive. But the main purpose of historical prose is not so much the recreation of the past as an attempt to connect the past and the present, to “embrace” the movement of history, to look into the future.

Our job is relevant, because interest in Pushkin's work has not waned for more than two hundred years, and each time researchers find new sources for creating a particular literary image.

Writers from different eras have turned to the past for different reasons. For example, romantics who do not find an ideal in the present have looked for it in the past. Realist writers in the past have tried to find answers to the questions of our time. And this way of finding the truth remains relevant to this day. Modern man is still worried about philosophical problems: what are good and evil? How does the past affect the future? What is the meaning of human life? Therefore, the appeal of the modern reader to historical prose is natural.

A work that arouses not only interest in a certain historical era, but also love for the work of A.S. Pushkin in general, is his novel "The Captain's Daughter", where the main historical event is the uprising of Yemelyan Pugachev.

The idea of ​​a historical story from the Pugachev uprising arose in Pushkin under the influence of the social situation of the early 1830s. But why did the famous writer give his story exactly that? Indeed, the story is based on historical facts, and, in the opinion of many researchers, the development of relations between Grinev and Pugachev, a nobleman and a peasant tsar, occupies a central place. Throughout the story, the path of development of P.A. Grineva. We see how the protagonist is changing, the inner man in man is being discovered. But what or who influences these changes in the hero's inner world? Undoubtedly, these are both historical events and the first sincere love awakened by a simple girl, the captain's daughter. Who is she? Who is this captain's daughter? And here we would like to dwell in more detail on the image of Masha Mironova.

purpose of work: to trace all the changes that have occurred with Masha Mironova, to explain their reason.

Work tasks: 1. Refer to the content of Alexander Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter", and specifically, to the image of Masha Mironova.

2. To study the reviews of critics about Misha Mironova as a literary heroine.

This topic has not been sufficiently studied in the critical literature, and therefore the idea arose to develop this topic.

The material for the study was the story of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

We assume that the image of Masha Mironova has undergone significant changes throughout the story.

2. The image of the captain's daughter.

Pushkin uses laconicism when portraying the main character. “A girl of about eighteen, chubby, ruddy, with light-blond hair, combed smoothly behind her ears, came in, and her ears were on fire,” - this is how Pushkin describes the daughter of Captain Mironov. If you think about it, she was not a beauty, but also not ugly. We can note that the heroine is shy, modest, blushes every minute and is always silent. We can say that Masha "does not like it at first", "does not make any impression" on Grinev. But one cannot judge by the first impression, especially since Grinev's opinion about Masha soon changes. “Marya Ivanovna soon ceased to be shy with me. We met. I found in her prudent and sensitive girl ", - we read in Pushkin. What do the highlighted words mean? “Prudence is prudence, deliberation in actions. Sensitive - having an increased susceptibility to external influences ”, - we read in the Ozhegov dictionary.

The reader guesses that in the soul of Grinev, some kind of feeling awakens ... And only in Chapter 5 does Pushkin openly call us this feeling - love. Let's pay attention to Masha's concern for Grinev during her illness after the fight with Shvabrin. The simplicity and integrity of her feelings, the naturalness of its manifestation remain unnoticed, and for modern young people they are not understandable: after all, Masha and Grineva are connected only spiritual connection. During his illness, Grinev realizes that he loves Masha and makes a marriage proposal. But the girl does not promise him anything, but chastely makes it clear that she also loves Pyotr Andreyevich. As you know, Grinev's parents do not consent to the marriage of their son with the captain's daughter, and Marya Ivanovna refuses to marry Grinev, sacrificing her love for the sake of her beloved. According to researcher A.S. Degozhskaya, the heroine of the story was "brought up in patriarchal conditions: in the old days, marriage without parental consent was considered a sin." Captain Mironov's daughter knows “that Pyotr Grinev’s father is a man of tough disposition,” and he will not forgive his son for marrying against his will. Masha does not want to hurt her beloved, to interfere with his happiness and agreement with his parents. This is how the firmness of her character, sacrifice is manifested. We have no doubt that it is hard for Masha, but for the sake of her beloved she is ready to give up her happiness.

2. The character of Masha Mironova

After the hostilities and the death of her parents, Masha is left alone in the Belogorsk fortress. It is here that the firmness, decisiveness of character, the inflexibility of her will is revealed to us. The villain Shvabrin puts the girl in a punishment cell, not letting anyone in to the prisoner, giving her only bread and water. All these tortures were necessary to obtain consent to marriage, since Marya Ivanovna voluntarily did not agree. In her heart there was and is only one person - this is Grinev. And in the days of trials, in the days of losing hope of uniting with Petrusha and in the face of danger, and perhaps even death itself, Marya Ivanovna retains her presence of mind and unshakable fortitude, she does not lose the power of faith. Before us is no longer a shy, fearful coward, but a brave girl, firm in her convictions. She faces death, but she hates Shvabrin. Who would have thought that Masha, the former quiet girl, could have thrown such words: "I will never be his wife: I had better decided to die and die if they do not deliver me."

Masha is a man of strong will. Hard trials fall to her lot, and she withstands them with honor. And here's another one. Grinev is taken to prison. And this modest, shy girl, left without parents, considers it her moral duty to save Grinev. Marya Ivanovna goes to Petersburg. In a conversation with the empress, she confesses: "I have come to ask for mercy, not justice." According to D. Blagogo, during Masha's meeting with the empress “the character of the captain’s daughter is really revealed to us, a simple Russian girl, in essence, without any education, who, however, found in herself at the necessary moment enough“ mind and heart ”, fortitude and unyielding determination to justify his innocent bridegroom. "

Masha Mironova is one of those heroes of "The Captain's Daughter", in which, according to Gogol, "the simple greatness of ordinary people" was embodied. Despite the fact that Masha Mironova was stamped with a different time, a different environment, a backwater where she grew up and formed, she became a bearer of those character traits in Pushkin that are organic to the indigenous nature of a Russian woman. Characters like her are free from ecstatic heat, from ambitious impulses to self-sacrifice, but they always serve a person and the triumph of truth and humanity. "Delight is short-lived, fickle, and therefore not in power to produce true great perfection," wrote Pushkin. Thus, the captain's daughter - Masha Mironova - in Pushkin's work deserves to take a place next to Tatyana Larina, who has become the embodiment of simple but distinctively natural features of the national female character.

Pushkin reveals the complex contradictions that arise between political and ethical collisions in the fates of his heroes. What is fair from the point of view of the laws of the noble state turns out to be inhuman. But the ethics of the peasant uprising of the 18th century. revealed to Pushkin from a very cruel side. The complexity of Pushkin's thought is reflected in the construction of the novel. The composition of the novel is built exclusively symmetrically. At first Masha finds herself in trouble: the harsh laws of the peasant revolution ruin her family and threaten her happiness. Grinev goes to the peasant tsar and rescues his bride. Then Grinev finds himself in trouble, the reason for which this time lies in the laws of the noble statehood. Masha goes to the noble queen and saves the life of her fiancé.

4. The evolution of the character of Masha Mironova

At the beginning of the work, a timid, timid girl appears before us, about whom her mother says that she is a “coward”. A dowry woman who only has that “a frequent comb, and a broom, and an altyn of money”. Over time, the character of Marya Ivanovna, “a prudent and sensitive girl”, is revealed to readers. She is capable of deep and sincere love, but her innate nobility does not allow her to compromise her principles. She is ready to give up personal happiness, because there is no parental blessing for it. “No, Pyotr Andreevich,” answered Masha, “I will not marry you without the blessing of your parents. Without their blessing, you will not be happy. Let us submit to the will of God. ” But the surrounding life changes dramatically, the “rebels of the villain Pugachev” come to the fortress, and Masha’s position also changes. From the daughter of the captain, she becomes a prisoner of Shvabrin. It would seem that a weak and timid girl must submit to the will of her tormentor. But Masha shows here features that have still lived in her latently. She is ready to die, just not to become the wife of Alexei Ivanovich.

Rescued by Pugachev and Grinev, Marya Ivanovna is gradually regaining her lost balance. But here's a new test: Grinev is put on trial as a traitor. Only she can prove his innocence. Marya Ivanovna finds the strength and determination to go to the Empress's court to seek protection. Now in these fragile hands the fate of a loved one, a guarantee of future happiness. And we see that in this girl she had enough determination, resourcefulness and intelligence to save Grinev, to restore justice.

Thus, throughout the novel, the character of this girl gradually changes.

conclusions

The composition of the novel is built exclusively symmetrically. At first Masha finds herself in trouble: the harsh laws of the peasant revolution ruin her family and threaten her happiness. Grinev goes to the peasant tsar and rescues his bride. Then Grinev finds himself in trouble, the reason for which this time lies in the laws of the noble statehood. Masha goes to the noble queen and saves the life of her fiancé.

Masha Mironova is one of those heroes of "The Captain's Daughter", in which, according to Gogol, "the simple greatness of ordinary people" was embodied. Masha is a man of strong will. From a timid, wordless "coward" she grows into a bold and decisive heroine, able to defend her right to happiness. That is why the novel is named "The Captain's Daughter" after her. She is a true heroine. Her best features will develop and appear in the heroines of Tolstoy and Turgenev, Nekrasov and Ostrovsky.

Bibliography.

1.D.D. Good. From Cantemir to the present day. 2 volume. - M .: "Fiction", 1973

2. A.S. Degozhskaya. The story of A.S. Pushkin's "Captain's Daughter" in school studies. - M .: "Education", 1971

3. Yu.M. Lotman. At the school of the poetic word. Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol. - M .: "Education", 1988

4. N.N. Petrunin. Pushkin's prose (paths of evolution). - Leningrad: "SCIENCE", 1987

A.S. Degozhskaya. The story of A.S. Pushkin's "Captain's Daughter" in school studies. - M .: "Education", 1971

D.D. Good. From Cantemir to the present day. 2 volume. - M .: "Fiction", 1973

Maria Mironova is the main character of Alexander Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" and is her main mystery. Unremarkable, simple, modest, without any talents, alas - ugly - a country girl suddenly becomes the title character of Pushkin's last major work, in which he manifests himself as a deep thinker, philosopher, historian. What is the reason for such an amazing literary role?

In the story, the events related to Masha take a little time: we see her at a meeting with Grinev, at the bedside of the wounded Grinev, on the rampart of the fortress, at the moment when the main character picks up the girl from Belogorskaya, on a date with the empress. In all episodes, except for the last one, her role is accompanying. She is the heroine of a secondary love affair, the meaning of which in the 19th century was defined as "enticing the reader" in order to tell him about the main thing. Only at the moment of meeting with Catherine II Masha's request becomes fateful for Grinev.

Why does Pushkin call the novel (this is the genre of the work, according to some critics) "The Captain's Daughter", read - "Masha Mironova"? What author's idea does this almost fabulous, ideal and therefore completely inconspicuous heroine express?

Characteristics of the heroine

(Masha "Illustration by artist Dmitrieva G.S.)

Masha is truly a fabulous heroine. She is endowed with all the textbook virtues - modest, bashful, always doing what is right, honoring her parents and her husband (man) whom she loves. Nothing betrays a deep mind in her, because the heroine speaks and acts according to the written laws that are instilled in every peasant girl from birth.

Probably, to aggravate the impression of insignificance, Pushkin makes Masha also ugly. Her portrait at the first meeting with Grinev is eloquent: "... about eighteen years old, chubby, ruddy, with light blond hair, combed smoothly behind her ears, which burned with her." These are the words of Grinev himself, and if a man sees a beauty, then he will remember the ears that are not flaming at all and the round face.

(Iya Arepina as Masha from the movie "The Captain's Daughter" 1958, USSR)

Since childhood, Masha's social circle is narrow and closed: parents, village girls, old soldiers ("disabled"). Suddenly, Shvabrin appears in the fortress - a young officer who was exiled from St. Petersburg to "tmutarakan" for a duel. As it turns out, before Grinev's arrival, he courted Masha and even wooed her, but without result.

The girl did not rush to him out of longing and lack of people, and in this act is a manifestation of the mind, even the wisdom of Masha. Shvabrin turned out to be "rotten" in his essence: vindictive and petty (denigrated the girl in front of Grinyov, calling him "a perfect fool"), cowardly and unfaithful (broke the oath, betrayed his comrades, going over to Pugachev's side), cruel - forced Masha to cohabitation, closet.

(from the lines of the novel: " Masha sobbed, clinging to my chest")

Masha's wisdom lies in the fact that she chooses Grinev's heart - a worthy, noble person. In love, the heroine does not flirt, does not play: "She, without any pretense, confessed to me her heartfelt inclination ...". This act contains deep respect for a man, a guarantee of future purity of relations, when the wife does not cheat, hide something.

But Grinev's father categorically forbids even thinking about marriage. And if Peter is ready to marry Masha even without his father's blessing, then she categorically refuses: “No, Pyotr Andreich,” answered Masha, “I will not marry you without the blessing of your parents. Without their blessing, you will not be happy. Let's submit to the will of God ... "

This is not fear, not stupidity. This is an extraordinary respect for traditions, parents, that piety on which the world rests, a family in which true happiness is the only one possible. And this act also speaks of Masha's maximalism: all or nothing. This is the property of natures, not simple, not limited, but passionate, concealing a lot of strength and desires in the soul.

Vedernikova Ekaterina

In the course of work on the project, the author examined the image of Maria Mironova from the story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter", traced all the changes that happened to the main character, explained their reason. The student also examined the reviews of critics about this literary work.

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MBOU TsO No. 44 named after G.K. Zhukova.

« "The image of Masha Mironova in the story of Alexander Pushkin" The Captain's Daughter "

Completed by a student of grade 8A

Vedernikova Ekaterina

Teacher

Solovieva Anna Dmitrievna

Tula

2017

purpose of work : to trace all the changes that have occurred with Masha Mironova, to explain their reason.
Work tasks : 1. The image of Masha Mironova.

2. Reviews of critics about Maria Mironova as a literary heroine.

Introduction

1. The image of the captain's daughter
2. The character of Masha Mironova
3. The evolution of the image of Masha Mironova

Conclusion

Introduction

Historical works of fiction - one of the ways of knowing a particular era. Any historical work is cognitive. The main purpose of a historical work is to try to connect the past and the present, to look into the future.

Our work is relevant, because interest in Pushkin's work has not waned for more than two hundred years, and each time researchers find new sources for creating a particular literary image. Writers of different eras for different reasons turned to the past, in the past they tried to find answers to the questions of the present. This way of finding the truth remains relevant to this day. Modern man is still worried about philosophical problems: what are good and evil? how does the past affect the future? what is the meaning of human life ?. Therefore, the appeal of the modern reader to historical prose is natural.

175 years ago, the magazine "Sovremennik" first published the story of Alexander Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". The work is relevant to this day. It is called "the most Christian work of Russian literature."

The idea of ​​a historical story from the Pugachev uprising arose in Pushkin under the influence of the social situation of the early 1830s. The story is based on historical facts - the uprising of Yemelyan Pugachev. When creating "The Captain's Daughter" Pushkin used a huge number of sources. On the basis of classified materials, he compiled a biography of the Pugachev ataman Ilya Aristov.

“In The Captain's Daughter, the story of the Pugachev rebellion, or the details about it, are somehow more vivid than in the story itself. In this story, you briefly acquaint yourself with the situation in Russia at this strange and terrible time. "P. A. Vyazemsky

Pushkin's story is dedicated to a major historical event, and the title does not seem to be associated with this event. Why is Masha Mironova becoming the title character? The choice of the name suggests that the image of Masha is very important, the author wanted to show how the fate of the heroes evolved in the cycle of historical events. Therefore, the author chooses her and Petrusha, and shows their characters in development, in the process of personality formation. The female images of A.S. Pushkin are almost an ideal, pure, innocent, lofty, spiritualized. The author treats this heroine with great warmth. Masha is a traditional Russian name, it emphasizes the simplicity, naturalness of the heroine. This girl does not have any original, outstanding features, the definition of "nice girl" fits her perfectly. And at the same time, this image is poetic, sublime and attractive. Masha Mironova is the embodiment of harmonious clarity. It exists in order to bring light, love into everything. This is a simple Russian girl with the most ordinary appearance, but this simplicity hides real moral wealth. In The Captain's Daughter, a love story and a fairy tale, the interests of the state, the class and the individual are closely intertwined. At the request of the censor PA Korsakov: "Did the maiden Mironova exist and was there really at the late Empress's?" Pushkin gave a written answer on October 25, 1836: “The name of the girl Mironova is fictitious. My novel is based on a legend, once heard by me, that one of the officers who betrayed their duty and went over to the Pugachev gangs was pardoned by the empress at the request of her elderly father, who threw himself at her feet. The novel, as you will see, has gone far from the truth. "

1. The image of the captain's daughter

Pushkin is laconic when portraying the main character. “A girl of about eighteen, chubby, ruddy, with light-blond hair, combed smoothly behind her ears, came in, and her ears were on fire,” - this is how Pushkin describes the daughter of Captain Mironov. She was not beautiful. It can be noted that the heroine is shy, modest and always silent. Masha at first does not make any impression on Grinev. But soon Grinev's opinion about Maria changes. “Marya Ivanovna soon ceased to be shy with me. We met. I found in her a sensible and sensible girl. " What do these words mean in Ozhegov's dictionary: “Prudence is prudence, deliberation in actions. Sensitive - having an increased susceptibility to external influences. "

We guess that in the soul of Grinev, some kind of feeling wakes up ... And in Chapter 5, Pushkin calls us this feeling - love. Let's pay attention to Masha's concern for Grinev during her illness after the fight with Shvabrin. The simplicity and naturalness of its manifestation go unnoticed by most readers. During his illness, Grinev realizes that he loves Masha and makes a marriage proposal. But the girl does not promise him anything, but makes it clear that she also loves Pyotr Andreyevich. Grinev's parents do not consent to the marriage of their son with the captain's daughter, and Maria refuses to marry Grinev, sacrificing her love. Researcher A.S. Degozhskaya claims that the heroine of the story was "brought up in patriarchal conditions: in the old days, marriage without parental consent was considered a sin." Captain Mironov's daughter knows “that Pyotr Grinev’s father is a man of tough disposition,” and he will not forgive his son for marrying against his will. Masha does not want to hurt her beloved, to interfere with his happiness and agreement with his parents. This is how the firmness of her character, sacrifice is manifested. We see that it is hard for Mary, but for the sake of her beloved she is ready to give up her happiness.

2. The character of Masha Mironova

After the hostilities and the death of her parents, Masha is left alone in the Belogorsk fortress. Here the decisiveness and firmness of her character is revealed to us. Shvabrin puts the girl in a punishment cell, not letting anyone in to the prisoner, giving her only bread and water. All this torture was necessary to obtain consent to marriage. In the days of trials and in the face of danger, Marya Ivanovna retains her presence of mind and unshakable fortitude, she does not lose the strength of faith. Maria is no longer a shy, fearful coward, but a brave girl, firm in her convictions. We could not have thought that Masha, the former quiet girl, said the following words: "I will never be his wife: I had better decided to die and die if they do not deliver me."

Maria Mironova is a person of strong will. Hard trials fall to her lot, and she withstands them with honor. When Grinev is taken to prison, this modest, shy girl, left without parents, considers it her duty to save him. Marya Ivanovna goes to Petersburg. In a conversation with the empress, she confesses: "I have come to ask for mercy, not justice." During Masha's meeting with the Empress, “the character of the captain's daughter is really revealed to us, a simple Russian girl, in essence, without any education, who, however, found in herself at the necessary moment enough“ mind and heart ”, firmness of spirit and unshakable determination, to justify his innocent bridegroom ”D. Blagoy.

Masha Mironova, one of those heroes of "The Captain's Daughter", in which, according to Gogol, "the simple greatness of ordinary people" was embodied. Despite the fact that Masha Mironova was stamped with a different time, a different environment, a backwater where she grew up and formed, she became a bearer of those character traits in Pushkin that are organic to the indigenous nature of a Russian woman. Characters like her are free from ecstatic heat, from ambitious impulses to self-sacrifice, but they always serve a person and the triumph of truth and humanity. "Delight is short-lived, fickle, and therefore not in power to produce true great perfection," wrote Pushkin.

3.The evolution of the character of Masha Mironova

With great sympathy, Pushkin described the family of Captain Mironov. Pushkin shows that it was in such a family, patriarchal, kind-hearted, with a Christian attitude to people and the world, that a wonderful Russian girl Masha Mironova could grow up with her simple, pure heart, high moral requirements for life, with her courage.
At the beginning of the work, a timid, timid girl appears before us, about whom her mother says that she is a "coward". A dowry woman who only has that "a frequent comb, and a broom, and an altyn of money." Over time, the character of Mary is revealed to us. She is capable of deep and sincere love, but nobility does not allow her to compromise her principles. A.S. Pushkin subjects his heroine to the test of love, and she passes this test with honor. To achieve well-being, Masha had to endure many heavy blows: her beloved was wounded in a duel, then the groom's parents do not give their blessing for a legal marriage, her own parents die. The Pugachev revolt bursts into Masha's measured life. Ironically, this event, instead of separating the two lovers, brought them together.

Masha Mironova has a highly developed sense of duty and spiritual nobility. Her notion of duty develops into a notion of fidelity. Masha Mironova remained faithful to her heartfelt affection despite fear. She is her father's true daughter. Mironov in life was a gentle and good-natured person, but in an extreme situation he showed a decisiveness worthy of a Russian officer. Likewise Masha: she was timid and impressionable, but when it came to her honor, she was ready, like her father, to die rather than do anything contrary to her conscience. The tests that fell to the lot of Marya Ivanovna made her stronger. She was not broken by the death of her parents, the harassment of Shvabrin, the arrest of Grinev. Masha has grown up in these tests.
Thus, throughout the novel, the character of this girl gradually changes.
A.S. Pushkin makes his heroine suffer because he treats her with trepidation and tenderness. He knows that she will endure these sufferings, revealing in them the most beautiful sides of her soul. The spiritual qualities of Masha Mironova are wonderful: morality, faithfulness to the word, decisiveness, sincerity. And as a reward she gets a well-deserved happiness.

Conclusion
Meeting with Masha Mironovathroughout the entire work, one cannot help but admire her responsiveness, her ability to compassion, love and forgive, her willingness to make any sacrifices and perform the most daring deeds for the sake of love and friendship. I am sure that the charming image of the captain's daughter, created by A.S. Pushkin, is a worthy example to follow in our days.
Masha Mironova is one of those heroes of "The Captain's Daughter", in which, according to Gogol, "the simple greatness of ordinary people" was embodied. Masha is a man of strong will. From a timid, wordless "coward" she grows into a bold and decisive heroine, able to defend her right to happiness. That is why the novel is named "The Captain's Daughter" after her. She is a true heroine. Her best features will develop and appear in the heroines of Tolstoy and Turgenev, Nekrasov and Ostrovsky.

“Reading Pushkin, we read the truth about Russian people, the complete truth and just about the complete truth about ourselves we hardly hear now, or we hear so rarely that they probably would not have believed Pushkin, had it not brought it out and put he before us these Russian people is so tangible and indisputable that it is absolutely impossible to doubt or dispute them. "

“And what a lovely Maria! Whatever it is, it belongs to the Russian epic about Pugachev. She incarnated with her, and shines on her with a gratifying and light shade. She is another Tatiana of the same poet. P.A. Vyazemsky. A.S. Pushkin, creating the image of Misha Mironova, put his soul, his love, his desire to see in a woman the embodiment of those high spiritual qualities that are so valued at all times. And Masha Mironova rightfully decorates the gallery of images of Russian women created by our classics.

A.S. Pushkin, creating the image of Misha Mironova, put his soul, his love, his desire to see in a woman the embodiment of those high spiritual qualities that are so valued at all times. And Masha Mironova rightfully decorates the gallery of images of Russian women created by our classics.

Bibliography:

1.D.D. Good. From Cantemir to the present day. 2 volume. - M .: "Fiction", 1973

2.D.D. Good. A novel about the leader of a popular uprising ("The Captain's Daughter" by A.S. Pushkin) // Tops. A book about the outstanding works of Russian literature. - M., 1978

3. Petrunina N.N. Pushkin's Prose: Ways of Evolution. - L., 1987

4. Pushkin in the memoirs of contemporaries: In 2 volumes. - M., 1985

5.Russian criticism about Pushkin. - M., 1998

One of the best stories by Pushkin is considered "The Captain's Daughter", which describes the events of the peasant revolt of 1773-1774. The writer wanted to show not only the mind, heroism and talent of the leader of the rebels, Pugachev, but also to depict how the character of people changes in difficult life situations. The characterization of Maria Mironova from "The Captain's Daughter" allows us to follow the transformation of a girl from a country coward into a wealthy, brave and selfless heroine.

Poor dowry, resigned to fate

At the very beginning of the story, a timid, cowardly girl who is afraid even of a shot appears before the reader. Masha - the commandant's daughter She always lived alone and withdrawn. There were no suitors in the village, so the mother was worried that the girl would remain an eternal bride, and she did not have a special dowry: a broom, a comb and an altyn of money. The parents hoped that there would be someone who would marry their homeless woman.

The characterization of Maria Mironova from "The Captain's Daughter" shows us how the girl gradually changes after meeting Grinev, whom she loved with all her heart. The reader sees that this is a disinterested young lady who wants simple happiness and does not want to marry for convenience. Masha refuses Shvabrina's offer, because although he is a smart and rich man, his heart does not lie with him. After a duel with Shvabrin, Grinev is seriously injured, Mironova does not leave him a single step, nursing the patient.

When Peter confesses his love to a girl, she also reveals her feelings to him, but demands from her lover to receive a blessing from his parents. Grinev did not receive approval, so Maria Mironova began to move away from him. The captain's daughter was ready to give up her own happiness, but not go against the will of her parents.

Strong and courageous personality

The characterization of Maria Mironova from The Captain's Daughter reveals to us how the heroine has radically changed after the execution of her parents. The girl was captured by Shvabrin, who demanded that she become his wife. Masha firmly decided that death is better than life with the unloved. She managed to send a message to Grinev, and he, together with Pugachev, came to her aid. Peter sent his beloved to his parents, and he himself remained to fight. The captain's daughter Masha liked Grinev's father and mother, they loved her with all their hearts.

Soon the news came about the arrest of Peter, the girl did not show her feelings and worries, but constantly thought about how to free her beloved. A timid, uneducated country girl turns into a self-confident person, ready to fight to the end for her happiness. It is here that the characterization of Maria Mironova from The Captain's Daughter reveals to the reader the cardinal changes in the character and behavior of the heroine. She goes to Petersburg to the Empress to ask for pardon for Grinev.

In Tsarskoe Selo, Masha meets a noble lady, to whom during a conversation she told about her misfortune. She talks to her on an equal footing, even dares to object and argue. A new acquaintance promised Mironova to insert a word for her to the empress, and only at the reception did Maria recognize her interlocutor in the ruler. The thoughtful reader, of course, will analyze how the character of the captain's daughter changed throughout the story, and the timid girl was able to find the courage and fortitude in herself to stand up for herself and her fiancé.

The image of Masha (novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter".)

Masha Mironova- the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress. She is an ordinary Russian girl: "chubby, ruddy, with light blond hair, combed smoothly behind the ears." Timid and sensitive, she was afraid even of a rifle shot. In many ways, her shyness and embarrassment are caused by the fact that she lives rather closed. From the words of Vasilisa Yegorovna, we learn about the unenviable fate of the girl: "A maid of marriageable age, and what is her dowry?" Shvabrin is wooing her. But Masha responds with a refusal to Shvabrin's offer to become his wife. She cannot accept marriage to an unloved person. A marriage of convenience is unthinkable for her, even if she were in the most difficult situation.
Masha sincerely fell in love with Pyotr Grinev, but she would never agree to marry without the blessing of the groom's parents.
A bitter fate awaits the girl ahead: her parents were executed, and the priest hid her in her house. But Shvabrin took Masha by force and locked her up, forcing her to marry him. When the long-awaited salvation finally comes in the person of Pugachev, the girl is seized with conflicting feelings: she sees before her the killer of her parents and at the same time her deliverer. Instead of words of gratitude, she covered her face with both hands and fell unconscious.
Pugachev released Peter and Masha, and Grinev sent her to her parents, who received the girl well.
The character of Masha Mironova is vividly revealed after the arrest of Grinev. She was very worried, as she knew the real reason for the arrest and considered herself guilty of Grinev's misfortunes. Masha leaves for Petersburg. She is determined to achieve the release of her beloved, whatever the cost.
Having met by chance with the empress, but not yet knowing who this woman is, Masha openly tells her her story. It is in this meeting that the character of a modest and timid Russian girl without any education is truly revealed, who, however, has found in herself enough strength, fortitude and uncompromising determination to defend the truth and to justify her innocent groom.
Soon she was summoned to the courtyard, where they announced the release of Pyotr Andreevich.

The image of Masha Mironova was dear and close to the author. She personifies the ideal of a woman - with a pure, albeit a little naive soul, kind, sympathetic heart, faithful and capable of sincere love, for which she is ready to make any sacrifices, to commit the most daring deeds.

The image of Katerina (play by A. Ostrovsky "The Thunderstorm")
For the main heroine of the Ostrovsky play "The Thunderstorm" Katerina in life above all is truth and a deep sense of duty.
As a child, Katerina was surrounded by beauty and harmony, she lived among mother's love and fragrant nature. She lived with her mother in the village, went to wash with a spring, listened to the stories of the wanderers, then sat down to do some work, and so passed the whole day. The girl did not receive a good education .. Katerina had magical dreams in which she flew under the clouds. The act of a six-year-old girl strongly contrasts with such a quiet, happy life, when Katya, offended by something, ran away from her house to the Volga in the evening, got into a boat and pushed off the shore! ...
We see that Katerina grew up a happy, romantic, but limited girl. She was very devout and passionately loving. She loved everything and everyone around her: nature, the sun, the church, her home with wanderers, the beggars whom she helped. But the most important thing about Katya is that she lived in her dreams, apart from the rest of the world. From all that exists, she chose only that which did not contradict her nature, the rest she did not want to notice and did not notice. Therefore, the girl saw angels in the sky, and for her the church was not an oppressive and oppressive force, but a place where everything is light, where you can dream. We can say that Katerina was naive and kind, brought up in a completely religious spirit. But if she met on her way what. contradicted her ideals, then she turned into a rebellious and stubborn nature and defended herself from that stranger, stranger, who boldly disturb her soul. This was the case with the boat. After marriage, Katya's life changed a lot. From a free, joyful, sublime world in which she felt her merger with nature, the girl found herself in a life full of deception, cruelty and omission.
Katerina did not marry Tikhon of her own free will: she didn’t love anyone at all and she didn’t care who to marry. The fact is that the girl was robbed of her old life, which she had created for herself. Katerina no longer feels such delight from attending church, she cannot do her usual things. Sad, disturbing thoughts do not allow her to calmly admire nature. Katya is left to endure, as long as she is, and to dream, but she can no longer live with her thoughts, because the cruel reality brings her back to earth, where humiliation and suffering are. Katerina tries to find her happiness in her love for Tikhon, but sincere manifestations of this love are suppressed by Kabanikha: “What are you hanging around your neck, shameless woman? You don't say goodbye to your lover. " In Katerina, there is a strong sense of external obedience and duty, which is why she forces herself to love her unloved husband. Tikhon himself, due to the tyranny of his mother, cannot really love his wife, although he probably wants to. And when he, leaving for a while, leaves Katya to walk freely, the girl becomes completely lonely.
Why did Katerina fall in love with Boris? Perhaps the reason is that she lacked something clean in the stuffy atmosphere of Kabanikha's house. And love for Boris was this pure, did not allow Katerina to wither away completely, somehow supported her.
She went on a date with Boris because she felt like a person with pride and elementary rights. It was a rebellion against resignation to fate, against lawlessness. Katerina knew that she was committing a sin, but she also knew that it was still impossible to live further. She sacrificed the purity of her conscience to freedom and Boris.
And at this step, Katya already felt the approaching end and wanted to be satiated with love, knowing that there would be no other chance. On the very first date, Katerina said to Boris: "You ruined me." Sin hangs like a heavy stone on her heart. Katerina is terribly afraid of the impending thunderstorm, considering her a punishment for what she had done. Katerina was afraid of a thunderstorm ever since she began to think about Boris. For her pure soul, even the thought of love for a stranger is a sin. Katya cannot live on with her sin, and she considers repentance to be the only way to at least partially get rid of it. She confesses everything to her husband and Kabanikha. Katya is afraid of God, and her God lives in her, God is her conscience. The girl is tormented by two questions: how she will return home and look into the eyes of her husband, whom she cheated on, and how she will live with a stain on her conscience. The only way out of this situation, Katerina sees death.
Pursued by her sin, Katerina dies in order to save her soul.
Poor, innocent "bird imprisoned in a cage" could not withstand bondage - Katerina committed suicide. The girl still managed to "take off", she stepped from the high bank into the Volga, "spread her wings" and boldly went to the bottom.
By her act, Katerina resists the "dark kingdom".